The Ideal of Chastity in Sangam Literature

Abstract

Morality stands as an indispensable cornerstone of human existence, serving as the primary compass that guides individuals toward achieving the apex of personal and social excellence. The distinction between a person’s ultimate elevation and decline is fundamentally rooted in their moral well-being and ethical character. An individual who harmoniously integrates goodwill, righteous virtue, noble deeds, and genuine benevolence inherently commands respect and functions as a pillar of strength within society.   Throughout the rich landscape of Tamil classical tradition, both Sangam literature and ethical/justice literature (Neethi Noolgal) consistently underscore the transformative power of human virtues. Virtues such as loving-kindness, deep affection, empathy, selflessness, and boundless mercy are portrayed not merely as ideal traits, but as essential qualities that elevate a person to a status admired by all.   Building upon this broader moral foundation, Sangam literature places a profound emphasis on specific virtues that govern interpersonal relationships and social order. Among these, the concept of chastity (Karpu) holds a paramount position within the Akam (interior/love) tradition. Consequently, the primary objective of this study is to examine how the virtue of chastity is conceptualized, portrayed, and revered across the thematic spectrum of Sangam literature