Mudhuvas Thozhil Nilaigal

Abstract

    In the early days, agriculture was practiced entirely using natural methods. The excellence of farming fostered the growth of various allied occupations and led to surplus production; specific roles and corresponding tools were clearly defined for each task. Farmers employed a cultivation technique wherein the soil was tilled and allowed to dry until it reached a specific, fine consistency—a method that ensured crops flourished without the need for even a handful of manure. Beyond agriculture, these communities also engaged in group hunting. They were free from caste-based divisions, living as equals without social hierarchies, and met their needs within the forest itself. Today, however, their occupations have undergone significant changes due to the advancement of civilization and the various concessions provided by the government. The objective of this study is to examine their occupational status in the early days and the transformations that have occurred since then.